Premenstrual Syndrome: Presence, Knowledge, and Attitude among Female University Students

Authors

  • Kazhan Ibrahim Mahmood Department of Nursing, College of Nursing, Hawler Medical University, Erbil, Iraq.

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2023.07

Keywords:

Premenstrual syndrome, Knowledge, Attitude, Nursing students, Iraq

Abstract

Background and objectives: Premenstrual syndrome (PMS) is fairly high and may interfere with personal and social activities. The current study aims to identify the frequency of experiencing PMS symptoms among students, assess their knowledge and attitude towards PMS and identify their perception of whether PMS has an impact on the academic lives of female university students.

Methods: A quantitative cross-sectional study was applied to the current study. An online survey using Google form was conducted among female university students at the College of Nursing/Hawler Medical University. A total of 222 students participated in the current study. A questionnaire was designed to assess PMS symptoms using the criteria of the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists, students’ knowledge and attitude towards PMS, the impact of PMS on daily living activity and academic performance, and self-management options.

Results: The mean age (+Standard deviation) of the students was 20.77 (+1.876) years and the mean for calculated BMI of students was 22.42kg/m2. The majority of students (70.3%) had regular menstrual cycle with 86% of them having moderate amount of menstrual blood flow. More than half (53.6%) of students responded that they experience PMS, and 34.7% responded that they do not experience PMS. More than half (52.3%) of students obtained good knowledge score and positive attitude towards PMS. Around three quarters (70.3%) of the students responded that PMS disturbs normal routine. Getting plenty of sleep (75.2%), taking hot drinks (72.1%), and applying hot pack (59.5) were among the commonest ways of PMS self-management by students. The data demonstrated no statistically significant association between students’ knowledge score and their stage of study, family history of PMS, regularity of menstruation, experiencing PMS, and knowing about PMS.

Conclusion: A considerable number of students obtained good knowledge score about PMS, however, their actual knowledge of PMS experience might be 

Metrics

Metrics Loading ...

References

Bakhshani NM, Mousavi MN, Khodabandeh G. Prevalence and severity of premenstrual symptoms among Iranian female university students. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2009; 59(4): p. 205-8.

Sahin S, Ozdemir K, Unsal A. Evaluation of premenstrual syndrome and quality of life in university students. Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2014; 64(8): p. 915-22.

Hofmeister S, Bodden S. Premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder. American Family Physician. 2016; 94(3): p. 236-40.

Direkvand-Moghadam A, Sayehmiri K, Delpisheh A, Kaikhavandi S. Epidemiology of premenstrual syndrome (PMS)-a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Journal of clinical and diagnostic research: JCDR. 2014; 8(2): p. 106.

Cheng S-H, Shih C-C, Yang Y-K, Chen K-T, Chang Y-H, Yang Y-C. Factors associated with premenstrual syndrome — A survey of new female university students. The Kaohsiung Journal of Medical Sciences. 2013; 29(2): p. 100-5.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjms.2012.08.017.

Farrokh-Eslamlou H, Oshnouei S, Hesh-matian B, Akbari E. Premenstrual syndrome and quality of life in Iranian medical students Sexual & Reproductive Healthcare. 2015; 6(1): p. 23-7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.srhc.2014.06.009.

Shehadeh JH, Hamdan-Mansour AM. prevalence and association of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder with academic performance among female university students. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care. 2018; 54(2): p. 176-84. https://doi.org/10.1111/ppc.12219.

Victor FF, Souza AI, Barreiros CDT, Barros JLNd, Silva FACd, Ferreira ALCG. Quality of life among university students with premenstrual syndrome. Revista Brasileira de Ginecologia e Obstetrícia. 2019; 41: p. 312-7. https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0039-1688709.

Acikgoz A, Dayi A, Binbay T. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and its relationship to depressive symptoms in first-year university students. Saudi Medical Journal. 2017; 38(11): p. 1125-31. https://doi.org/10.15537/smj.2017.11.20526.

Al-Qazaz HK, Al-Dabbagh RO. Menstrual disorder: Cross-sectional study on prevalence and self-care practice among adolescents in Iraq. Annals of Tropical Medicine and Health. 2020; 23: p. 125-32. http://doi.org/10.36295/ASRO.2020.23416.

Ahmed S, Saeed A. Knowledge and self-care practices of adolescent students with pre-menstrual syndrome in Erbil City. Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery. 2019; 2(1): p. 9-18. https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2019.02.

Teotia S, Kumari S, Taneja N, Kaur KN, Awasthi AA, Janardhanan R. A Study on Premenstrual Syndrome among Female Students of a Private University of Delhi NCR. Journal of Womens Health and Development, 2020; 3(4): p. 413-22.

Dadi Givshad R, Nourani Saadoldin S, Esmaily H. The relationship of perceived se-verity of premenstrual syndrome with knowledge, attitude and recorded severity of syndrom by a daily calendar among university students in Iran. Journal of Midwifery and Reproductive Health. 2016; 4(1): p. 522-9. https://doi.org/10.22038/jmrh.2016.6124.

Mohib A, Zafar A, Najam A, Tanveer H, Rehman R. Premenstrual syndrome: existence, knowledge, and attitude among female university students in Karachi. Cure-us. 2018; 10(3). https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.2290.

Kwan I, Onwude JL. Premenstrual syndrome. BMJ clinical evidence. 2015; 2015.

Raval CM, Panchal BN, Tiwari DS, Vala AU, Bhatt RB. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among college students of Bhavnagar, Gujarat. Indian Journal of Psychiatry. 2016; 58(2): p. 164-70. https://doi.org/10.4103/0019-5545.183796.

Ul Haq N, Gill S, Nasim A, Tahir M, Yasmin R, Batool F. Prevalence and impact of pre-menstrual syndrome among the female nursing students of Quetta. Asian Journal of Nursing Education and Research. 2019; 9(2): p. 239-42. https://doi.org/10.5958/2349-2996.2019.00050.8.

Guvenc G, Kilic A, Akyuz A, Ustunsoz A. Pre-menstrual syndrome and attitudes toward menstruation in a sample of nursing students. Journal of Psychosomatic Obstetrics & Gynecology. 2012; 33(3): p. 106-11. https://doi.org/10.3109/0167482X.2012.685906.

Dutta A, Sharma A. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder in India: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Promotion Perspectives, 2021; 11(2): p. 161-70. https://doi.org/10.34172/hpp.2021.20.

Ranjbaran M, Omani Samani R, Almasi-Hashiani A, Matourypour P, Moini A. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Inter-national Journal of Reproductive Biomedicine. 2017; 15(11): p. 679-86.

Al-Shahrani AM, Miskeen E, Shroff F, Elnour S, Algahtani R, Youssry I, et al. Premenstrual syndrome and its impact on the quality of life of female medical students at Bisha University, Saudi Arabia. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare. 2021; 14: p. 2373.

Akbari R, Sudharani M, Kallupurackal SJX, Ramya V, MR NG, Suryakantha A. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome among medical students. National Journal of Community Medicine. 2017; 8(06): p. 292-4.

İşik H, Ergöl Ş, Aynioğlu Ö, Şahbaz A, Kuzu A, Uzun M. Premenstrual syndrome and life quality in Turkish health science students. Turkish journal of medical Sciences. 2016; 46(3): p. 695-701. https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-1504-140.

Alshdaifat E, Absy N, Sindiani A, AlOsta N, Hijazi H, Amarin Z, et al. Premenstrual Syndrome and Its Association with Perceived Stress: The Experience of Medical Students in Jordan. International Journal of Women's Health. 2022; 14: p. 777-85. https://doi.org/10.2147/IJWH.S361964.

Attieh E, Maalouf S, Richa S, Kesrouani A. Premenstrual syndrome among Lebanese medical students and residents. Depression. 2013; 19: p. 826. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2012.11.006.

Goker A, Artunc-Ulkumen B, Aktenk F, Ikiz N. Premenstrual syndrome in Turkish medical students and their quality of life. Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2015; 35(3): p. 275-8. https://doi.org/10.3109/01443615.2014.948820.

Pal SA, Dennerstein L, Lehert P. Premenstrual symptoms in Pakistani women and their effect on activities of daily life. JPMA-Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association. 2011; 61(8): p. 763.

Shamnani G, Gupta V, Jiwane R, Singh S, Tiwari S, Bhartiy SS. Prevalence of premenstrual syndrome and premenstrual dysphoric disorder among medical students and its impact on their academic and social performance. National Journal of Physiology, Pharmacy and Pharmacology. 2018; 8(8): p. 1205-. https://doi.org/10.5455/njppp.2018.8.0415728042018.

Durairaj A, Ramamurthi R. Prevalence, pattern and predictors of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) among college girls. The New Indian Journal of OBGYN. 2019; 5(2): p. 93-8. https://doi.org/10.21276/obgyn.2019.5.2.6

Yokota J, Shinozaki A, Kamo T, Horiguchi F, Uchida K. A Questionnaire Study on the Prevalence of Premenstrual Syndrome, Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder, and Related Coping Mechanisms among Female Medical Students. Tokyo Women's Medical University Journal. 2017; 1: p. 1-7. https://doi.org/10.24488/twmuj.2017001.

Tolossa FW, Bekele ML. Prevalence, impacts and medical managements of pre-menstrual syndrome among female students: a cross-sectional study in college of health sciences, Mekelle University, Mekelle, Northern Ethiopia. BMC Women's Health. 2014; 14(1): p. 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6874-14-52.

Downloads

Published

2023-05-30

How to Cite

1.
Mahmood KI. Premenstrual Syndrome: Presence, Knowledge, and Attitude among Female University Students. Erbil j. nurs. midwifery [Internet]. 2023 May 30 [cited 2024 Oct. 4];6(1):54-6. Available from: https://ejnm.hmu.edu.krd/index.php/ejnm/article/view/263

Issue

Section

Original Articles