Non-pharmacologic Pain Management Knowledge and Barriers among Nurses in Erbil Hospitals
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2023.12Keywords:
Pain management, Non-pharmacologic pain management, Knowledge, BarriersAbstract
Aim of the study: Pain management is a multidisciplinary approach for easing suffering and improving the patients’ quality of life and nurses play a significant role in providing pain assessment and treatment. Non-pharmacological pain management is any intervention intended to improve health or well-being that does not involve the use of any drugs or medicine. This study aimed to assess the nurses’ knowledge and their barriers regard-ing non-pharmacologic pain management.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Hawler, Rizgary and Nanakaly teaching hospitals in medical and oncology wards on a non-probability purposive sample of 100 nurses who worked in the above wards. The data was collected from the end of December to the end of February 2020 through self-reports by nurses using a constructive single choice questionnaire. Each correctly answered item was recorded as 1 and the incorrect one as 0.
Results: The higher percentages of nurses, including males aged between (30-39) years, institute graduates, and experienced in jobs between (1-10) years. 69% of nurses have a moderate level of non-pharmacologic pain management, and, 47% of nurses have not applied non-pharmacological pain management in hospitals. Only 16% of them applied, and 37% sometimes applied, psychological and physical methods of non-pharmacologic pain management were more applied by 29% and 23% respectively by nurses than other methods. Nurses had many barriers to using non-pharmacological pain management, like nursing workload and lack of protocol for pain management.
Conclusion: This study concluded that the majority of nurses have a fair (moderate) level of knowledge about non-pharmacological pain management and applied by only 16 % of nurses. Nurses have many barriers to using non-pharmacological pain management.
Metrics
References
Cohen M, Quintner J, van Rysewyk S. Re-considering the IASP definition of pain. PAIN Reports 2018. DOI: 10.1097/PR9.0000000000000634.
Jira L, Weyessa N, Mulatu S, Alemayehu A. Knowledge and Attitude Towards Non-Pharmacological Pain Management and Associated Factors Among Nurses Working in Benishangul Gumuz Regional State Hos-pitals in Western Ethiopia. Journal of Pain Research. 2020; 13: https://doi.org/10.2147/JPR.S265544.
Theodosopoulou E. Vazourakis F. Filintras I. Gkika D. Dimitrakaki P. Galanis P.Chadzopulu A. Patients and Nurses Atti-tude towards Pain Management with Alter-native Methods. Progress Health Scienc-es.2011 (Cited in 14th Feb 2020). Vol 1. (2). Pp; 5-10.
Karabulut N, Gürçayır D, Aktaş YY. Non-pharmacological interventions for pain management used by nursing students in Turkey. Kontakt, Elsevier 2016; 18(1); Pp;23-31
Ramova E, Ramov L. Non Pharmacological Treatment of Pain with Physical Therapy Modalities and Alternative Medicine Meth-ods. 2/4 Res Arthritis Bone Study. 2018.1(4). Pp; 1-4.
Sintler NE. The Benefits of Non-Pharmacological Interventions for Individu-als with Dementia: A Systematic Review. Master of Social Work Clinical Research. MSW Clinical Research Paper. Catherine University Sophia. 2017. Pp.1-30 Available from: https://sophia.stkate.edu/msw_papers/802.
Demir Y. Non-Pharmacological Therapies in Pain Management, Pain Management - Cur-rent Issues and Opinions, 2012. Available from: http://www.intechopen.com/books/pain-management-current-issues-and-opinions/non-pharmacological therapies-in-pain-management.
Donna D. Ignatavicius, M. Linda Workman, Cherie Rebar.Medical-Surgical Nursing - E-Book: Concepts for Interprofessional collabo-rative care nine edition. 2018 United State. Elsevier. P.69.
Mwanza E, Gwisai RD, Munemo C. Knowledge of Non-Pharmacological Method of Pain Management among Nurses at Bin-dura Hospital Zimbabwe. Pain Research and Treatment. Volume 2019, | https://doi.org/10.1155/2019/2703579.
Gokhale SG and Gokhale S. Non-Pharmacological Methods for Pain Manage-ment. Research Gate. JP Guniper .Nurse Health Care. Opinion, 2017. 4 (4). P.P 1-2. DOI:10.19080/JOJNHC.2017.04.555642.
Bashar I. Alzghoul1 & Abdullah NA. Pain Management Practices by Nurses: An Appli-cation of the Knowledge, Attitude and Prac-tices (KAP) Model. Canadian Center of Sci-ence and Education. Global Journal of Health Science.2016. Vol. 8, No. 6. Pp.; 154-60. doi: 10.5539/gjhs.v8n6p154.
Ali, N. S., W. Y. Morsy, and M. N. Badr, "Critical care Nurses’ Knowledge and Practic-es regarding Pain assessment and manage-ment at Cairo University Hospitals", Egyptian nursing journal, 2015. vol. 10, issue 7, pp. 28-38 | https://doi.org/10.1155/2020/4893707.
S Zeleke, A Kassaw, Y Eshetie. RESEARCH ARTICLE Non-pharmacological pain manage-ment practice and barriers among nurses working in Debre Tabor Comprehensive Spe-cialized Hospital, Ethiopia. Plos one journals. 2021.16 (6). Pp; 1-11
Manwere A, Chipfuwa T, Mukwamba MM, Chironda G. Knowledge and attitudes of reg-istered nurses towards pain management of adult medical patients: a case of Bindura.
Moceri JT, Drevdahl DJ. Nurses’ knowledge and attitudes toward pain in the emergency department. Journal of Emergency Nursing. 2014; 40(1):6–12.
Nwaneri, A., Ndubuisi, I., Anarodo, A., Okoronkwo, I. and Offor, E., 2018. Nurses’ knowledge and level of utilisation of non–pharmacological pain control for othorpae-dic patients in Enugu Nigeria. International Journal of Nursing Science, 8(4), pp.61-66.
WoldehaimanotTE, Saketa Y, Zeleke A, Gesesew H, Woldeyohanes T. Knowledge and attitude: a survey among nurses in 23 health institutions in Western Nigeria.
International Journal of Nursing Science 2018, 8(4): 61-66 2014; 20(3):254–60.25. DOI: 10.5455/GMJ-30-157196.
Basak S , Petpichetchian W, Kitrungrote L. Knowledge and Attitudes of Nurses and Their Practices Regarding Post-operative Pain Management in Bangladesh. The 2nd International Conference on Humanities and Social Sciences April 10th, 2010 Faculty of Liberal Arts, Prince of Songkla University Palliative Care_007.Pp;1-12.
Yaban ZS. Review Article Usage of Non-Pharmacologic Methods on Postoperative Pain Management by Nurses: Sample of Turkey. International Journal of Caring Sci-ences.2019. 12 (1) Pp: 529- 541.
Khalil NS. Critical care nurses’ use of non-pharmacological pain management meth-ods in Egypt. Applied Nursing Research. 2018; 44:33–8. doi: 10.1016/j.apnr.2018.09.001.
Oliveira Junior NJ, Oliveira SB, Migowski ER amd Riegel. Nurses’ role in the non-pharmacological pain treatment in cancer patients. REVIEW ARTICLE. Rev Dor. São Paulo, 2017; 18(3):261-5. DOI 10.5935/1806-0013.20170112
Ali HS, Ibrahim Y, Mohamed E. Non-pharmacological pain management: nurses’ knowledge, attitudes and practices in select-ed hospitals at Makkah El-Mukarramah. Life Science Journal. 2013; 2(10); Pp; 1327-35. . http://www.lifesciencesite.com
Kia Z, Allahbakhshian M , Ilkhani M , Nasiri M, Allahbakhshian A. Nurses’ use of non-pharmacological pain management meth-ods in intensive care units: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Elsevier Ltd. Comple-mentary Therapies in Medicine. 2021. 58 Pp; 1-5https://doi.org/10.1016/
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2023 Ronak Nematala Hussein (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
