Risk Factors Associated with Premature Births in Erbil City: A Case-Control Study
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2024.07Keywords:
Risk Factors, Premature Birth, Uterine Hemorrhage, Urinary Tract InfectionAbstract
Background: Premature birth is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity among newborn babies. There are many factors that induce prematurity. This study aims to investigate the common risk factors associated with premature births in Erbil City.
Methods: Quantitative design, descriptive-analytic analysis and a retrospective study were used. The study was conducted at Raparin Teaching Hospital for Children (RTHC) in Erbil city from September 1st, 2021 to September 1st, 2022. To engage in the study, non-probability purposive sample of 510 mother-newborn pairs admitted to a premature intensive care unit (255 as case group, 255 as a control group) was taken. The statistical analysis program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 was used to analyze the data.
Results: The study reveals that the educational level, economic status, Body Mass Index of the mother and types of delivery have a highly significant association with the moth-er’s socio-demographic characteristics at a p-value of 0.008, < 0.001, 0.019 and < 0.001respectively. The study found a highly differences between: risk factors during pregnancy among study and control groups, including gestational hypertension, gesta-tional diabetes mellitus, Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs), anemia, vaginal bleeding, preterm premature rupture of membranes, thyroid disease, psychological problems, infection with covid-19, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios, at p-value of < 0.001 respectively.
Conclusion: The study concluded that gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, thyroid diseases, psychological problems, COVID-19, Premature rapture of the mem-brane, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios are the main factors behind premature births in Erbil city.
Metrics
References
Alijahan R, Hazrati S, Mirzarahimi M, Pour-farzi F, Hadi PA. Prevalence and risk factors associated with preterm birth in Ardabil, Iran. Iranian journal of reproductive medicine. 2014 Jan;12(1):47.
Hosny AE, Fakhry MN, El-Khayat W, Kashef MT. Risk factors associated with preterm labor, with special emphasis on preterm premature rupture of membranes and severe preterm labor. Journal of the Chinese Medical Association. 2020 Mar 1;83(3):280-7.
Hanif A, Ashraf T, Pervaiz MK, Guler N. Prevalence and risk factors of preterm birth in Pakistan. J Pak Med Assoc. 2020 Apr 1;70(4):577-82.
Van den Broek NR, Jean-Baptiste R, Neilson JP. Factors associated with preterm, early preterm and late preterm birth in Malawi. PloS one. 2014 Mar 3;9(3): e90128.
Hidayat ZZ, Ajiz EA, Krisnadi SR. Risk factors associated with preterm birth at hasan sadi-kin general hospital in 2015. Open Journal of Obstetrics and Gynecology. 2016;6(13):798.
Victora JD, Silveira MF, Tonial CT, Victora CG, Barros FC, Horta BL, et al. Prevalence, mortality and risk factors associated with very low birth weight preterm infants: an analysis of 33 years. Jornal de Pediatria. 2020 Jun 29; 96:327-32.
Mohammad K, Abu Dalou A, Kassab M, Gamble J, Creedy DK. Prevalence and factors associated with the occurrence of preterm birth in I rbid governorate of J ordan: a retrospective study. International journal of nursing practice. 2015 Oct;21(5):505-10.
Hakem H, Abdalla S, Tanyous E. Prevalence and Risk Factors of Preterm Births in the National Ribat University Teaching Hospital, North Sudan, January to April 2012. Obstet Gynaecol Int J. 2015;2(1):27-9.
Monica NF, Pamela S, Juan QL, Li J. Recent understanding of Pathophysiology, Risk fac-tors and treatments of Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome: A review. Sci Lett. 2017;5(1):70-8.
Ferri C, Procianoy RS, Silveira RC. Prevalence and risk factors for iron-deficiency anemia in very-low-birth-weight preterm infants at 1 year of corrected age. Journal of Tropical Pediatrics. 2014 Feb 1;60(1):53-60.
Mwansa K, Ahmed Y, Vwalika B. Prevalence and Factors Associated with Spontaneous Preterm Birth at the University Teaching Hospital, Lusaka Zambia. Medical Journal of Zambia. 2020 May 13;47(1):48-56.
Rao CR, de Ruiter LE, Bhat P, Kamath V, Ka-math A, Bhat V. A case-control study on risk factors for preterm deliveries in a secondary care hospital, southern India. International Scholarly Research Notices. V.2014;2014.
Al-Assadi AF, Al-Haroon DS, Al-Rubaye A, Abdul-Rahman BA. Risk Factors and neonatal outcome among preterm birth at Basrah central hospitals. The Medical Journal of Basrah University. 2018 Dec 1;36(2):87-96.
Forero R, Nahidi S, De Costa J, Mohsin M, Fitzgerald G, Gibson N, et al. Application of four-dimension criteria to assess rigour of qualitative research in emergency medicine. BMC health services research. 2018 Dec;18(1):1-1.
Ahankari A, Bapat S, Myles P, Fogarty A, Tata L. Factors associated with preterm delivery and low birth weight: a study from rural Ma-harashtra, India. F1000Research. 2017; 6:72 Last updated: 08 MAY 2017.
Shah R, Mullany LC, Darmstadt GL, Mannan I, Rahman SM, Talukder RR, et al. Incidence and risk factors of preterm birth in a rural Bangladeshi cohort. BMC pediatrics. 2014 Dec;14(1):1-1.
Alijahan R, Hazrati S, Mirzarahimi M, Pour-farzi F, Hadi PA. Prevalence and risk factors associated with preterm birth in Ardabil, Iran. Iranian journal of reproductive medi-cine. 2014 Jan;12(1):47.
Mahajan A, Magon S. Study of risk factors for preterm births in a teaching hospital: a prospective study. International Journal of Medical and Dental Sciences. 2017 Jan 1:1407-12.
Soundarajan P, Muthuramu P, Veerapandi M, Mariappan R. Retrospective study factors related to preterm birth in Government Raja Mirasudar hospital and obstetric and perinatal outcome. International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynaecology. 2016 Sep 1;5(9):3006-11.
Chen S, Zhu R, Zhu H, Yang H, Gong F, Wang L, et al. The prevalence and risk factors of preterm small-for-gestational-age infants: a population-based retrospective cohort study in rural Chinese population. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth. 2017 Dec;17(1):1-8.
Kuppusamy N, Vidhyadevi A. Prevalence of preterm admissions and the risk factors of preterm labor in rural Medical College Hospital. International Journal of Scientific Study. 2016;4(9):123-6.
Frey HA, Klebanoff MA. The epidemiology, etiology, and costs of preterm birth. In Seminars in Fetal and Neonatal Medicine 2016 Apr 1 (Vol. 21, No. 2, pp. 68-73). WB Saunders.
Vasishtha G, Mohanty SK, Mishra US, Dubey M, Sahoo U. Impact of COVID-19 infection on life expectancy, premature mortality, and DALY in Maharashtra, India. BMC infectious diseases. 2021 Dec;21(1):1-1.
Zamaniyan M, Ebadi A. Aghajanpoor Mir S, Rahmani Z, Haghshenas M, Azizi S (2020) Preterm delivery in pregnant woman with critical COVID-19 pneumonia and vertical transmission. Prenat Diagn.; 40(13): 1759–1761.
Wagura P, Wasunna A, Laving A, Wamalwa D, Ng’ang’a P. Prevalence and factors associated with preterm birth at kenyatta national hospital. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2018 Dec;18(1):1-8.
Xi C, Luo M, Wang T, Wang Y, Wang S, Guo L, Lu C. Association between maternal lifestyle factors and low birth weight in preterm and term births: a case-control study. Reproductive Health. 2020 Dec;17(1):1-9.
Aseidu EK, Bandoh DA, Ameme DK, Nortey P, Akweongo P, Sackey SO, Afari E, Nyarko KM, Kenu E. Obstetric determinants of pre-term delivery in a regional hospital, Accra, Ghana 2016. BMC pregnancy and childbirth. 2019 Dec;19(1):1-8.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2024 Kurdistan Hamadamin Rasul, Shukir Saleem Hasan (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.