Effect of Video Game on School Achievement in School Age Children in Erbil/City
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15218/ejnm.2021.10Keywords:
Effect, Videogame, School achievement, ChildrenAbstract
Background and objectives: Playing video games is associated with poor academic achievement, Student who got their game systems directly spent less time on homework and, four months later, they got lower reading and writing scores, their teachers were more likely to report academic difficulties. The aim of study is to identify the effect of play video game on school achievement.
Methods: A cross sectional descriptive study was carried out at five primary school in Erbil city 50 students was taken as a case group compared with 200 students as control group started from 15 September to 15 November 2020. A Questionnaire format was used as a tool for data collection and consists, demographic information of the students, parents and some Items about students game, Official permission has been obtained from College of Nursing / Hawler Medical University, Ministry of Education and primary schools. Data was analyzed through using frequency, percentage and chi-square by using SPSS, 22.
Results: The study reveal that 58% of participants were age group between 12-14 years old, 74% of them were boys among playing group, 18% of father were graduated from college, 60% of played children were from middle socioeconomic status, 16% of game players have missed school, 66% of played students were missed homework, about 10% of the students have a good school achievement among who played video games and more than half (58%) among non-play students. There is highly significant association between parent educational levels with their children school achievement.
Conclusions: Playing video game was negatively associated with poor school achievement. The study recommended the parent to limit the time of playing less than one hour daily, also limit the number and type of game especially fighting game and replaced with educational game.
Metrics
Metrics Loading ...
References
[1] Wang, C. -W., Chan, C. L., Mak, K. -K., Ho, S. -Y., Wong, P. W. & Ho, R. T. Prevalence and correlates of video and Internet gaming addiction among Hong Kong adolescents: a pilot study The Scientific World Journal, vol. 2014, Article ID 874648, 9 pages,2014.https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/874648.
[2] Anderson, E. L., Steen, E. & Stavropoulos, V. Internet use and problematic internet use: a systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, (2017).22 (4), 430–454.
[3] Oliveira, M. P. M. T., Cintra, L. A. D., Be-doian, G.,Nascimento, R., Ferré, R. R., Sil-va, M. T. A. Use of internet and electronic games by adolescents at high social risk. Trends in Psychology (2017), 25 (3), 1167-1183. DOI: 10.9788/TP2017.3-13Pt.
[4] UNICEF. Children in a digital world. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (2017).
[5] Daniel L King, Michael Gradisar, Aaron Drummond, Nicole Lovato, Jason Wessel, Gorica Micic,. et al. The impact of pro-longed violent video gaming on adolescent sleep: an experimental study. Journal of Sleep Research. (2013). 22(2):137-43.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01060.
[6] Byrne, J. & Burton, P. Children as Internet users: how can evidence better inform policy debate?. Journal of Cyber Policy. (2017).2(1):1-14.DOI:10.10 80/23738871.2 017.12 91698.
[7] ITU (International Telecommunication Union). Measuring the Information Society. Geneva: ITU. (2013).
[8] Luis Concepcion, Marilyn Nales-Torres, Ana Rodriguez-Zubiaurre. The Relationship be-tween Videogame Use, Deviant Behavior, and Academic Achievement among a Nationally Representative Sample of High School Seniors in the United States. Ameri-can Journal of Educational Research. 2016; 4(16):1157-1163. doi: 10.12691/education-4-16-6.
[9] Anderson CA, Dill KE. Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2000 Apr;78(4):772-90.doi:10.1037//0022-3514.78.4.772. PMID: 10794380.
[10] Schmidt ME and Vandewater EA. Media and attention, cognition, and school achievement.The Future of Children. (2008).18(1):63-85.DOI:10.1353/foc.0.0004.PMID: 21338006.
[11] Weis R, Cerankosky BC. Effects of video-game ownership on young boys' academic and behavioral functioning: a randomized, controlled study. Psychological Science. (2010).Apr;21(4):463-70.doi: 10.1177/0956797610362670.Epub 2010 Feb 18. PMID: 2042 4 084.
[12] Cummings HM, Vandewater EA. Relation of adolescent video gameplay to time spent in other activities. Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine. (2007). Jul;161(7):684-9. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.7.684.PMID: 17606832; PMCID: PMC5761323.
[13] Hastings EC, Karas TL, Winsler A, Way E, Madigan A, Tyler S. Young children's video/computer game use: relations with school performance and behavior. Issues in Mental HealthNursing.(2009);30(10):638-649. doi:10.1080/01612840903050414.
[14] Vivek Anand. A Study of Time Management: The Correlation between Video Game Usage and Academic Performance Markers. CyberPsychology & Behavior.Aug 2007. 10(4), 552-559. http://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9991.
[15] Linda A. Jackson, Yong Zhao, Anthony Kolen-ic, Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Rena Harold, and Alexander Von. Race, gender, and information technology use: the new digital divide. Eye.Cyber Psychology & Behavior.(2008). 11(4), 437-442.http://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0157 .
[16] Wack, E., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. Relationships between electronic gameplay, obesity, and psychosocial functioning in young men. CyberPsychology and Behavior. (2009). 12(2), 241-244.
[17] Anderson, C., & Dill, K.Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2000). 78(4), 772-790.
[18] Jaruratanasirikul S., Wongwaitaweewong K. and Sangsupawanich P. Electronic game play and school performance of adoles-cents in southern Thailand. CyberPsycholo-gy and Behavior, (2009). 12(5), 509-512.
[19] Lujan, H. L., & DiCarlo, S. E. Too much teaching, not enough learning: what is the solution? Advances in Physiology Educa-tion, (2006). 30(1), 17-22.
[20] Odenweller, C. M., Hsu, C. T., & DiCarlo, S. E.Educational card games for understanding gastrointestinal physiology. Advances in Physiology Education, (1998). 275(6), S78.
[21] Ülküdür, M. A. Proje tabanlı öğrenme etkinlikleri ile oyun tabanlı öğrenme etkin-liklerinin akademik başarı, tutum ve moti-vasyona etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Amasya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Amasya. (2016).
[22] Tüzün, H., Yilmaz-Soylu, M., Karakus, T., Inal, Y. & Kizilkaya, G.The effects of computer games on primary school students' achievement and motivation in geography learning.. Computers & Education. . (2009)., 52, 68-77.
[23] Islam, M.I., Biswas, R.K. & Khanam, R. Effect of internet use and electronic game-play on academic performance of Australi-an children. Scientific Reports.(2020). 10, 21727 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78916-9.
[24] Brunborg, G.S.; Mentzoni, R.A.; Melkevik, O.R.; Torsheim, T.; Samdal, O.; Hetland, J.; et al., Gaming Engagement, and Psychological Health Complaints Among Norwegian Adolescents. Media Psycholology.( 2013), 16, 115–128. [CrossRef]
[25] Brown, A. Younger Men Play Video Games, but So Do a Diverse Group of Other Ameri-cans.( 2017). Available online: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/11/younger-men-play-video-games-but-so-do-a-diverse-group-of-other-americans.
[26] Lucas K, Sherry JL. Sex differences in video gameplay: A communication-based explanation.Communication Research .(2004);31(5):499–523.
[27] Hastings, E. C., Karas, T. L., Winsler, A., Way, E., Madigan, A., & Tyler, S. Young children's video/computer game use: relations with school performance and behaviour. Issues in mental health nursing,(2009). 30(10),638–649. doi.org/ 10.1080/016 1284090305 414.
[28] Matilov, Naum, (2002), Brak I semejstvo, Skopje, 194-195.
[29] Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. Parental involvement in children's education: Why does it make a difference? Teach-ers College Record, (1995). 97(2), 310–331.
[30] Garg, R., Kauppi, C., Lewko, J. and Urajnik D. A Structural Model of Educational Aspirations. Journal of Career Development .(2002).29, 87–108 doi.org/10.1023/ A:10199 64119690.
[31] Usaini, M.I., & Abubakar, N.B. The Impact of Parentsâ Occupation on Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Kua-la Terengganu. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, (2015) .3 (1), 112-120. DOI:10.6007/MAJESS/V3-I1/1899.
[32] Ripple, C. H., and Luthar, S. S. Academic risk among inner-city adolescents: the role of personal attributes. Journal of School Psy-chology. (2000). 38, 277–298. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4405(00)00032-7.
[33] Sirin, S, R. Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: a meta-analytic review of research. Review of Educational Research. (2005). 75,417–453.doi: 10.3102/00346543075003417.
[34] Terry, M. and Malik, A. Video gaming as a factor that affects academic performance in grade nine. Psychology (2018). Corpus ID: 149703626.
[35] Boyce, A., Schanding, G. T., Jr., Burridge, A. B., & Keller-Margulis, M. Effect of videogame play and extracurricular activities on parent perceived socio-emotional functioning in children and adolescents. International Journal of Psychology: (2013). 12, 29–48. https://doi.org/10.7220/1941-7233.12.2.
[36] Gentile, D. A., Lynch, P. J., Linder, J. R., & Walsh, D. A. The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviours, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, (2004). 27, 5-22.
[37] Sharif, I., & Sargent, J. D. Association be-tween television, movie, and video game exposure and school performance. Pediat-rics,(2006).118(4),1061-1070. doi:10.1542/peds.2005- 2854
[38] Jackson, L. A., Von Eye, A., Witt, E. A., Zhao, Y. & Fitzgerald, H. E. A longitudinal study of the effects of Internet use and videogame playing on academic performance and the roles of gender, race and income in these relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, (2011). 27(1), 228–239.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.001.
[39] Rikkers, W., Lawrence, D., Hafekost, J. & Zubrick, S. R. Internet use and electronic gaming by children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural problems in Australia–results from the second Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. BMC Public Health. (2016). 16, 399.
[40] Barlett, C. P., Anderson, C. A. & Swing, E. L. Video game effects—confirmed, suspected, and speculative: a review of the evidence. Simulation & Gaming, (2009). 40(3), 377–403.
[41] Suziedelyte, Agne, Can Video Games Affect Children's Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills? (August 13, 2012). UNSW Australian School of Business Research Paper No. 2012 ECON 37, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2140983 or http://dx.doi. org/10.2139 /ssrn.2140 983.
[2] Anderson, E. L., Steen, E. & Stavropoulos, V. Internet use and problematic internet use: a systematic review of longitudinal research trends in adolescence and emergent adulthood. International Journal of Adolescence and Youth, (2017).22 (4), 430–454.
[3] Oliveira, M. P. M. T., Cintra, L. A. D., Be-doian, G.,Nascimento, R., Ferré, R. R., Sil-va, M. T. A. Use of internet and electronic games by adolescents at high social risk. Trends in Psychology (2017), 25 (3), 1167-1183. DOI: 10.9788/TP2017.3-13Pt.
[4] UNICEF. Children in a digital world. United Nations Children's Fund (UNICEF) (2017).
[5] Daniel L King, Michael Gradisar, Aaron Drummond, Nicole Lovato, Jason Wessel, Gorica Micic,. et al. The impact of pro-longed violent video gaming on adolescent sleep: an experimental study. Journal of Sleep Research. (2013). 22(2):137-43.DOI:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2012.01060.
[6] Byrne, J. & Burton, P. Children as Internet users: how can evidence better inform policy debate?. Journal of Cyber Policy. (2017).2(1):1-14.DOI:10.10 80/23738871.2 017.12 91698.
[7] ITU (International Telecommunication Union). Measuring the Information Society. Geneva: ITU. (2013).
[8] Luis Concepcion, Marilyn Nales-Torres, Ana Rodriguez-Zubiaurre. The Relationship be-tween Videogame Use, Deviant Behavior, and Academic Achievement among a Nationally Representative Sample of High School Seniors in the United States. Ameri-can Journal of Educational Research. 2016; 4(16):1157-1163. doi: 10.12691/education-4-16-6.
[9] Anderson CA, Dill KE. Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology. 2000 Apr;78(4):772-90.doi:10.1037//0022-3514.78.4.772. PMID: 10794380.
[10] Schmidt ME and Vandewater EA. Media and attention, cognition, and school achievement.The Future of Children. (2008).18(1):63-85.DOI:10.1353/foc.0.0004.PMID: 21338006.
[11] Weis R, Cerankosky BC. Effects of video-game ownership on young boys' academic and behavioral functioning: a randomized, controlled study. Psychological Science. (2010).Apr;21(4):463-70.doi: 10.1177/0956797610362670.Epub 2010 Feb 18. PMID: 2042 4 084.
[12] Cummings HM, Vandewater EA. Relation of adolescent video gameplay to time spent in other activities. Archives of Pediatrics & Ado-lescent Medicine. (2007). Jul;161(7):684-9. doi:10.1001/archpedi.161.7.684.PMID: 17606832; PMCID: PMC5761323.
[13] Hastings EC, Karas TL, Winsler A, Way E, Madigan A, Tyler S. Young children's video/computer game use: relations with school performance and behavior. Issues in Mental HealthNursing.(2009);30(10):638-649. doi:10.1080/01612840903050414.
[14] Vivek Anand. A Study of Time Management: The Correlation between Video Game Usage and Academic Performance Markers. CyberPsychology & Behavior.Aug 2007. 10(4), 552-559. http://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.9991.
[15] Linda A. Jackson, Yong Zhao, Anthony Kolen-ic, Hiram E. Fitzgerald, Rena Harold, and Alexander Von. Race, gender, and information technology use: the new digital divide. Eye.Cyber Psychology & Behavior.(2008). 11(4), 437-442.http://doi.org/10.1089/cpb.2007.0157 .
[16] Wack, E., & Tantleff-Dunn, S. Relationships between electronic gameplay, obesity, and psychosocial functioning in young men. CyberPsychology and Behavior. (2009). 12(2), 241-244.
[17] Anderson, C., & Dill, K.Video games and aggressive thoughts, feelings, and behaviour in the laboratory and in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, (2000). 78(4), 772-790.
[18] Jaruratanasirikul S., Wongwaitaweewong K. and Sangsupawanich P. Electronic game play and school performance of adoles-cents in southern Thailand. CyberPsycholo-gy and Behavior, (2009). 12(5), 509-512.
[19] Lujan, H. L., & DiCarlo, S. E. Too much teaching, not enough learning: what is the solution? Advances in Physiology Educa-tion, (2006). 30(1), 17-22.
[20] Odenweller, C. M., Hsu, C. T., & DiCarlo, S. E.Educational card games for understanding gastrointestinal physiology. Advances in Physiology Education, (1998). 275(6), S78.
[21] Ülküdür, M. A. Proje tabanlı öğrenme etkinlikleri ile oyun tabanlı öğrenme etkin-liklerinin akademik başarı, tutum ve moti-vasyona etkisi. Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Amasya Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Amasya. (2016).
[22] Tüzün, H., Yilmaz-Soylu, M., Karakus, T., Inal, Y. & Kizilkaya, G.The effects of computer games on primary school students' achievement and motivation in geography learning.. Computers & Education. . (2009)., 52, 68-77.
[23] Islam, M.I., Biswas, R.K. & Khanam, R. Effect of internet use and electronic game-play on academic performance of Australi-an children. Scientific Reports.(2020). 10, 21727 https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-78916-9.
[24] Brunborg, G.S.; Mentzoni, R.A.; Melkevik, O.R.; Torsheim, T.; Samdal, O.; Hetland, J.; et al., Gaming Engagement, and Psychological Health Complaints Among Norwegian Adolescents. Media Psycholology.( 2013), 16, 115–128. [CrossRef]
[25] Brown, A. Younger Men Play Video Games, but So Do a Diverse Group of Other Ameri-cans.( 2017). Available online: http://www.pewresearch.org/fact-tank/2017/09/11/younger-men-play-video-games-but-so-do-a-diverse-group-of-other-americans.
[26] Lucas K, Sherry JL. Sex differences in video gameplay: A communication-based explanation.Communication Research .(2004);31(5):499–523.
[27] Hastings, E. C., Karas, T. L., Winsler, A., Way, E., Madigan, A., & Tyler, S. Young children's video/computer game use: relations with school performance and behaviour. Issues in mental health nursing,(2009). 30(10),638–649. doi.org/ 10.1080/016 1284090305 414.
[28] Matilov, Naum, (2002), Brak I semejstvo, Skopje, 194-195.
[29] Hoover-Dempsey, K. V., & Sandler, H. M. Parental involvement in children's education: Why does it make a difference? Teach-ers College Record, (1995). 97(2), 310–331.
[30] Garg, R., Kauppi, C., Lewko, J. and Urajnik D. A Structural Model of Educational Aspirations. Journal of Career Development .(2002).29, 87–108 doi.org/10.1023/ A:10199 64119690.
[31] Usaini, M.I., & Abubakar, N.B. The Impact of Parentsâ Occupation on Academic Performance of Secondary School Students in Kua-la Terengganu. Journal of Education and Social Sciences, (2015) .3 (1), 112-120. DOI:10.6007/MAJESS/V3-I1/1899.
[32] Ripple, C. H., and Luthar, S. S. Academic risk among inner-city adolescents: the role of personal attributes. Journal of School Psy-chology. (2000). 38, 277–298. doi: 10.1016/S0022-4405(00)00032-7.
[33] Sirin, S, R. Socioeconomic status and academic achievement: a meta-analytic review of research. Review of Educational Research. (2005). 75,417–453.doi: 10.3102/00346543075003417.
[34] Terry, M. and Malik, A. Video gaming as a factor that affects academic performance in grade nine. Psychology (2018). Corpus ID: 149703626.
[35] Boyce, A., Schanding, G. T., Jr., Burridge, A. B., & Keller-Margulis, M. Effect of videogame play and extracurricular activities on parent perceived socio-emotional functioning in children and adolescents. International Journal of Psychology: (2013). 12, 29–48. https://doi.org/10.7220/1941-7233.12.2.
[36] Gentile, D. A., Lynch, P. J., Linder, J. R., & Walsh, D. A. The effects of violent video game habits on adolescent hostility, aggressive behaviours, and school performance. Journal of Adolescence, (2004). 27, 5-22.
[37] Sharif, I., & Sargent, J. D. Association be-tween television, movie, and video game exposure and school performance. Pediat-rics,(2006).118(4),1061-1070. doi:10.1542/peds.2005- 2854
[38] Jackson, L. A., Von Eye, A., Witt, E. A., Zhao, Y. & Fitzgerald, H. E. A longitudinal study of the effects of Internet use and videogame playing on academic performance and the roles of gender, race and income in these relationships. Computers in Human Behavior, (2011). 27(1), 228–239.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2010.08.001.
[39] Rikkers, W., Lawrence, D., Hafekost, J. & Zubrick, S. R. Internet use and electronic gaming by children and adolescents with emotional and behavioural problems in Australia–results from the second Child and Adolescent Survey of Mental Health and Wellbeing. BMC Public Health. (2016). 16, 399.
[40] Barlett, C. P., Anderson, C. A. & Swing, E. L. Video game effects—confirmed, suspected, and speculative: a review of the evidence. Simulation & Gaming, (2009). 40(3), 377–403.
[41] Suziedelyte, Agne, Can Video Games Affect Children's Cognitive and Non-Cognitive Skills? (August 13, 2012). UNSW Australian School of Business Research Paper No. 2012 ECON 37, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2140983 or http://dx.doi. org/10.2139 /ssrn.2140 983.
Downloads
Published
2021-11-30
How to Cite
1.
Othman NR, Khedir RT, Azeez GK, Qadir KJ. Effect of Video Game on School Achievement in School Age Children in Erbil/City. Erbil j. nurs. midwifery [Internet]. 2021 Nov. 30 [cited 2024 Nov. 21];4(2):86-95. Available from: https://ejnm.hmu.edu.krd/index.php/ejnm/article/view/177
Issue
Section
Original Articles
License
Copyright (c) 2021 Nazar Ramadhan Othman, Rozhan Tofiq Khedir, Gulala Kareem Azeez, Kaify Jamil Qadir (Author)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
