Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery

Physical Factors of Spontaneous Abortion in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City

Jwan Kareem Salh, Hamdia Mirkhan Ahmed (Author) — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background and objectives: Abortion is considered a major reproductive health issue that acts as a health risk factor for mothers' well-being and threatens their lives and comfort. This study will contribute to recognize and be a better understanding of the physical risk factors for spontaneous abortion. The aim of the study was to find out the physical factors, which include previous and current medical factors of different types of spontaneous abortion by comparing the case and control groups among women in the Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City.
Methods: A quantitative case-control study was conducted on 850 women with sponta-neous abortions and pregnant women (each group was 425) pregnant women. However, the sample size of the study was 770 for both groups (each group was 385), however, 850 women were chosen who were admitted to Maternity Teaching Hospital and were selected through non-probability purposive sampling. A questionnaire was developed for the purpose of data collection, which included socio-demographic characteristics of the study sample and questions about physical characteristics. Frequency, percentage, the inferential statistical analysis of the Chi-square test (fissure exact test), and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis.
Results: There was a significant difference between spontaneous abortion and physical factors which included medical conditions such as cardiovascular, urinary tract, neuro-logical, and immune diseases. Additionally, medical history such as obstetrical and gyne-cology surgery, gynecology disease, family history of chronic disease, and family history of spontaneous abortion. Cardiovascular diseases (OR:2.710; CI:1.636-4.483), immune diseases (OR:0.230; CI:0.113-0.466), history of obstetrics and gynecology surgeries (OR:0.599; CI:0.436-0.824), family history of chronic diseases (OR:1.834; CI:1.336-2.518), family history of spontaneous abortion (OR:0.098; CI:0.050-0.193) were predictors of the spontaneous abortion.
Conclusion: Some physical factors are risk factors for spontaneous abortion.

Quality of Nursing Care for Neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome at Neonatal Intensive Care Unit in Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City

Jihad Rasool Mamo, Norhan Zaki Shaker (Author) — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background and Objective: Quality of nursing care has an important role in providing the highest care to neonates in the neonatal intensive care unit. Improvement in the quality of nursing care is a main goal of the nurses. The study aimed to assess the quality of nursing care for neonates with Respiratory Distress Syndrome.
Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on 50 nurses at neonatal intensive care units in teaching hospitals (Rapareen Teaching Hospital for Children and Maternity Teaching Hospital) in Erbil city. A convenience sampling technique was used to collect the data. Two tools were used to collect the data which was developed by the researcher: the first tool was a self-administered questionnaire which contained two parts (socio-demographic characteristics, and questions related to neonatal respiratory distress syn-drome), and the second tool was an observational checklist that was used to assess the quality of nursing care for NRDS. The Statistical Package for Social Science was used to analyze the data (version 23), presenting descriptive and inferential statistics, including the chi-square test, Fisher exact test, frequency, and percentage.
Results: More than half (54%) of the nurses were within the age group of 25-34 years. 62% of the nurses graduated from the college of nursing, 58% of the nurses were female, and the majority (88%) of the nurses were married. The highest percentage (64%) of the nurses had a good level of knowledge, while the highest percentage (74%) of the nurses had a fair level of quality nursing care. A highly significant association was found between the quality of nursing care with educational level and the duration of the training course. Also, there was a weak positive correlation between the level of nurses’ knowledge and the quality of nursing.
Conclusion: Based on the study findings of the present study, it was concluded that the

Assessment of Psychological Aspects among Refugees in Kurdistan Region-Iraq Refugee Camps

Ahmed Naif Ali, Abdulqader Hussein Hamad (Author) — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background and objectives: Syria's civil war has received the highest refugee crisis of the twenty-first century. As a result of their exposure to conflict, violence, and post-displacement stresses, Syrian refugees living in refugee camps in Kurdistan are at a greater risk of developing common mental illnesses. This study investigates the prevalence and predictors of depression, anxiety, and stress symptoms among Syrian refugees residing in the Kurdistan region of Iraq.
Methods: A quantitative descriptive study was conducted in refugee camps in Erbil, Sulaymaniyah, and Duhok in the Kurdistan region of Iraq from 1st September 20021 to 1st June 2022. Convenient sampling was used to collect 400 participants, and the depression, anxiety, and stress scale-21 (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to measure the level of depression, anxiety, and stress.
Results: The average age of participants was 37 ± 12.14 years; 71.8% were married, 53.3% had a smoking history, 92.2% were from Syria, and the average refugee duration was 9 ± 1.32 years. During the refugee process, 79.3% of refugees had a low socio-economic position, 34.0% had anxiety, 23.1% had stress, 47.5% were depressed. There is a statistical association between gender and stress levels based on a p-value of 0.004 and between smoking history and stress with a p-value of 0.006.
Conclusion: According to the findings, most refugees suffer from extreme depression, moderate anxiety, and severe stress. Further studies are required by competent authorities to overcome mental health disorders among refugees.

Teacher’s Practice Regarding Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation at Basic Schools in Erbil City

Jawdat Mamand Akhagbaker, Kareem Fattah Aziz (Author) — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background and objectives: Every day, either by accident or illness, there are numerous situations in which the safety of individuals, families or communities is endangered. >2000 children worldwide die every day as a result of unintentional injuries. The majority of risks influencing a cardiac arrest in a school are related to physical activity, such as participating in sports or having an airway obstruction or trauma event. In the United States and Europe, one million people experience cardiac arrests annually. The aim of this study was to assess the basic school teachers’ practices regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation at basic schools in Erbil City.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out. To assess the practices of basic school teachers regarding cardiopulmonary resuscitation. The study was conducted from January 20, 2021 to May 15, 2022. This study was conducted in basic schools in Erbil city according to six municipalities. The sample size was 470 teachers. The observational checklist technique was used to assess cardiopulmonary resuscitation performance.
Results: The majority of them were female (74%), more than half of them have a diploma (52.3%), the majority of age group were between 37-48 years old which represents 51%, the mean age was (43.85±8.27), most of the teachers were married (86.4%), the majority of them did not a training course (86.4%). Several teachers use tradition at media (9.6%) and social media (44.7). A lot of barriers were faced teachers to prevent participation in training courses were not found in professional training course The majority of the schoolteachers had poor levels of practice (51.1%) regarding the performance of cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
Conclusion: The majority of schoolteachers had poor levels of practice regarding cardio-pulmonary resuscitation. There was a significant association between the performance of CPR and some socio-demographic variables like age group, gender, years of experience, and desire to attend CPR training course.

Risk Factors Associated with Suicidality in Erbil City

Ahmed Ali Rasool, Abdulqader Hussein Hamad (Author) — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background and Objectives: Suicide is an intentional attempt to end someone's life that results in death. Suicidality comprises suicidal thoughts, plans, and actions. Knowing the risk factors associated with suicide may help in its reduction. The study's aims were to ascertain the sociodemographic characteristics of suicidal patients and suicidality-associated risk factors.
Methods: A retrospective case-control study recruited 60 participants aged between 18 and 53 years within eight months. Sociodemographic characteristics, risk factors associated with suicide attempts among the studied samples such as personal, maltreatment during childhood, community-associated risk factors, and suicide methods used. The data was analyzed through binary logistic regression.
Results: In total, there were (26.6%) cases in the age group 18-29; the majority of the recruits were female (38.3%); most of the participants had a university degree (23.33%), and (26.6%) had never married. Regarding their occupational status, most of the patients had paid work, and populated urban areas. Among positive suicide cases, (89.3%) had experienced previous suicide attempts, mental illness; such as depression, was present in (57.1%). About )50% (of the suicidal participants experienced physical abuse and maltreatment during childhood. Binary logistic regression analysis showed that previous suicide attempts, mental illnesses such as depression, job problems or loss, and barriers to health care access P-value< 0.040, 0.008, 0.023, 0.043 had a highly significant association with suicide.
Conclusions: There was no association between the sociodemographic characteristics of suicidal and non-suicidal individuals. Individuals with associated characteristics, such as a history of repeated suicide attempts and generalized anxiety disorders, require special consideration. Mental illnesses, such as depression, job loss or problems, a previous suicide attempt, and barriers to health care were the highest risk factors.

Nurses’ Knowledge Regarding Preeclampsia and Eclampsia in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City

Silan Muhammad Abdulrahman, Awaz Aziz Saied (Author) — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background and objectives: Preeclampsia is a severe blood pressure condition that progresses during pregnancy. Pregnant women with preeclampsia often have high blood pressure (hypertension) and high levels of protein in their urine (proteinuria). Preeclampsia typically progresses after the 20th week of pregnancy. We would have assessed knowledge of them regarding preeclampsia and eclampsia, and found a difference between mean of sociodemographic characteristics and the level of nurse knowledge.
Methods: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at Maternity Teaching Hospital and the study was conducted from 1st September 2021 to December 2022. The study sample size were 150 nurses who worked in this hospital. Data was collected through interviews (face-to-face) using a questionnaire designed by the investigator. The data was analysed by SPSS software for statistical analysis Version 25.
Results: The majority (45.3%) of the participants were age between 30- 39 years old, and majority (81%) of the study participants were married. The majority (46%) of study participants have a nursing diploma. Most of the nurses (32%) have six to ten years of experience as the nurse at the hospital. In this study, must of the participants (78.7%) in this study have fair knowledge of the hospital. There was a statistically significant difference between the mean level of education and the of overall knowledge.
Conclusion: The study concluded that the nurses had fair knowledge regarding preeclampsia and eclampsia. Based on the results of the present study.it has been recommended that ongoing health educational programs, seminars and training courses to improve the knowledge of nurses in order to provide good health care for cases of preeclampsia and eclampsia and become more knowledgeable about this condition.

Risk Factors Associated with Premature Births in Erbil City: A Case-Control Study

Kurdistan Hamadamin Rasul, Shukir Saleem Hasan (Author) — Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background: Premature birth is one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity among newborn babies. There are many factors that induce prematurity. This study aims to investigate the common risk factors associated with premature births in Erbil City.
Methods: Quantitative design, descriptive-analytic analysis and a retrospective study were used. The study was conducted at Raparin Teaching Hospital for Children (RTHC) in Erbil city from September 1st, 2021 to September 1st, 2022. To engage in the study, non-probability purposive sample of 510 mother-newborn pairs admitted to a premature intensive care unit (255 as case group, 255 as a control group) was taken. The statistical analysis program Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 25 was used to analyze the data.
Results: The study reveals that the educational level, economic status, Body Mass Index of the mother and types of delivery have a highly significant association with the moth-er’s socio-demographic characteristics at a p-value of 0.008, < 0.001, 0.019 and < 0.001respectively. The study found a highly differences between: risk factors during pregnancy among study and control groups, including gestational hypertension, gesta-tional diabetes mellitus, Urinary Tract Infection (UTIs), anemia, vaginal bleeding, preterm premature rupture of membranes, thyroid disease, psychological problems, infection with covid-19, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios, at p-value of < 0.001 respectively.
Conclusion: The study concluded that gestational hypertension, gestational diabetes, thyroid diseases, psychological problems, COVID-19, Premature rapture of the mem-brane, polyhydramnios and oligohydramnios are the main factors behind premature births in Erbil city.

Knowledge and Practice of Nurses and Midwives Regarding Immediate Care after Birth at Two Tertiary Centers in the Kurdistan Region

Thu, 30 May 2024 00:00:00 +0000

Background and objectives: The first two hours following birth are considered the immediate postpartum period, which starts as soon as the placenta is delivered. During the first few days after giving birth, the mother and child should be seen as a unit, supported by their family and/or friends. The first two hours following the baby's birth correspond to the fourth stage of labor. Irregularly, deadlines are separated into three categories: urgent (within 24 hours), early (7 days), and late (6 weeks). The purpose of this study is to ascertain the nurses' and midwives' practices and knowledge of immediate postpartum care and its associated factor between socio-demographical characteristics of nurses and midwives' knowledge and our practice regarding immediate care after birth.
Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in the Kurdistan region. The study was conducted at two hospitals, Maternity Teaching Hospital and Soran Maternity Hospital. The hospitals had several departments, such as the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit, Delivery Unit, Postpartum Unit, and Postoperative Unit. A purposive non-probability sample of fifty nurses and midwives from the delivery and postpartum unit was used. Version 23 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences was used to analyze the data.
Results: More than half (51.9%) of the study samples’ level of education was institute nursing, while MSc holders made up the highest percentage (1.9%). Most of the samples (71.2%) had trained less than 5 years. More than one-third (36.5%) of nurses-midwives have 15 years of experience. Almost all of the samples (94.2%) had high knowledge about immediate care after birth, and the highest percentage (71.2%) of samples had a good practice in caring for babies after birth.
Conclusion: Midwives have a high level of practice in drying and wrapping babies immediately after birth, it can be concluded that most of the midwfe-nurses who participated in the study....