Erbil Journal of Nursing and Midwifery

Effect of Percutaneous Coronary Intervention on Quality of Life among Coronary Artery Disease Patients in Erbil City

Chnar Salahaddin Qadir — 2025-05-30

Background and objective: Quality of life is acknowledged as a vital outcome of healthcare measures, mostly in persons with heart disease. The main purpose of percutaneous coronary intervention is improving patients' quality of life. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of percutaneous coronary intervention on the quality of life of coronary artery disease patients at Surgical Specialty Hospital-Cardiac Center in Erbil City.

Methods: A pre-post study design was conducted to evaluate the quality of life of 100 patients with coronary artery disease before undergoing percutaneous coronary intervention, and three months after the performed percutaneous coronary intervention, it was conducted from January 2022 until December 2022. The quality of life data was assessed through the Short Form-36 health status survey. It consists of 36 questions that measure eight health concepts divided into two dimensions: the physical and mental aspects. The highest score indicates better quality of life. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (Version 26).

Results: Most of the study participants were males with Mean and Standard Deviation of age 47.9±6.8. The highest percentage were married, able to read and write, self-employed, and hasn’t previous percutaneous coronary intervention. The results showed that patients who underwent percutaneous coronary intervention significantly improved their quality of life after performing percutaneous coronary intervention in the following subdomains of physical component summary (physical functioning, role-physical, general health) and (social functioning), P-value <0.05. While in subdomains of mental component summary (bodily pain, vitality, role-emotional and mental health) there were no statistically significant differences P-value >0.05.

Conclusion: The study concluded that overall quality of life significantly improved after performing percutaneous coronary intervention for coronary artery disease patients, mostly in the physical aspect compared with the mental aspect.

Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid and Associated Factors among Women Undergoing Childbirth in Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil City

Sazan Bahram Ahmed — 2025-05-30

Background and objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the risk factors for Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid among women who delivered vaginally and were admitted to the delivery room at Maternity Teaching Hospital in Erbil city."

Methods: A descriptive case-control study was conducted in the labor ward of Maternity Teaching Hospital in the Kurdistan region, Iraq. The study setting was the delivery room. A non-probability purposive sample included 342 mothers with singleton pregnancies: 171 cases with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid and 171 controls with clear amniotic fluid. The data were analyzed using Version 23 of the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences.

Results: The majority of women (82.7%) were illiterate, and more than half (58.2%) were multiparous. 57% of the newborns were male. Approximately 18.7% of cases had caesarean sections compared to 5.3% in the control group, which is statistically highly significant (P-value < 0.001). Additionally, about 30% of cases involving neonates were admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit, compared to just 1.8% in the control group, which is also statistically highly significant (P-value < 0.001). Postdate (B Coefficient: 2.487, 95% Confidence Interval: 4.686 to 30.854) and fetal distress (B Coefficient: 3.048, 95% Confidence Interval: 5.662 to 78.393) were highly significantly associated with Meconium-Stained Amniotic Fluid.

Conclusion: There is a highly significant association between risk factors such as postdate and fetal distress in the case-control groups. The following factors did not significantly correlate with the case-control groups: preeclampsia, premature rupture of membranes, polyhydramnios, oligohydramnios, prolonged labor, induction of labor, or spontaneous labor.

Effect of Serum Lipid Profile and Renal Functions during Pregnancy and its associated diseases in Sulaimanyah / Kurdistan Region

Azad Mohammed Aziz Ahmed — 2025-05-30

Background and Objective: The physiological function of the kidneys poses significant challenges during pregnancy, impacting maternal and fetal health. Understanding the interplay between renal functions and serum lipid profiles is crucial for managing maternal health. This study aims to investigate serum lipid profiles and their association with renal function in pregnancy and compare them with non-pregnant status. The objective of this study was to conduct a prospective analysis of blood lipid concentration, namely lipoprotein, as well as the rates of urea and creatinine, in pregnant women, and thereafter compare these measurements with those of non-pregnant women.

Methods: A case- control study was conducted on pregnant women in Sulaimanyah/Kurdistan. Both serum lipid profile tests, including triglycerides, cholesterol, and lipoprotein levels, and renal function markers, such as serum creatinine, urea, and estimated glomerular filtration rate, were measured at various stages of pregnancy. Data was analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 22.0 to identify correlations between serum lipid profile, renal function, and pregnancy outcomes.

Results: This study highlights significant positive correlations of low-density lipoprotein with gestation age, cholesterol, triglyceride, and high-density lipoprotein, alongside strong negative correlations with total serum bilirubin and creatinine in pregnancy. This correlation was not found in non-pregnant status. Additionally, estimated glomerular filtration rate exhibits strong positive correlations with cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein and negative correlations with total serum bilirubin and creatinine.In non-pregnant individuals, estimated glomerular filtration rate moderately correlates with random blood sugar while strongly correlating negatively with urea and creatinine.Mean ± Standard deviation of urea and creatinine were significantly higher in non-pregnant women while cholesterol and estimated glomerular filtration rate were significantly high among pregnant women.

Conclusion: This study highlighted notable metabolic disparities between pregnant and non-pregnant women, particularly in terms of lipid profiles and renal function.

COVID-19 among Smokers and Non-smokers in Erbil City, Kurdistan Region, Iraq

Kareem Jamal Hamad — 2025-05-30

Background and objectives: Coronavirus disease (COVID-19), a severe respiratory syndrome caused by a novel strain of coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), became a global public health concern and was declared a pandemic by WHO. The associations between smoking and COVID-19 infection and the outcomes were ambiguous. This study aimed to determine the associations of self-reported confirmed cases of COVID-19 among smokers and to compare it with the rate among non-smokers in Erbil City.

Methods: This cross-sectional house survey was conducted between September 2021 and June 2022 through a multi-stage cluster sampling method on a sample of 2601 respondents in Erbil city through direct interviews using a specially designed questionnaire to collect data.

Results: The mean age was 38.75 + 13.79 years (range 18 to 76 years). More than half (58.9%) of the sample were males. The proportion of current daily smokers was 44.3%, and 33.2% were those who had never smoked before. 17.5% of the sample were infected by the COVID-19 virus during the pandemic. There was a statistically significant association between the occurrence of COVID-19 and the age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, smoking status, and socioeconomic level of participants.

Conclusion: The occurrence of COVID-19 among smokers was significantly higher than among non-smokers. A statistically significant association was found between self-reported confirmed cases of COVID-19 and the age, gender, marital status, education level, occupation, smoking status, and socioeconomic level of participants.

Evaluation of Pulmonary Function Test in Post-COVID-19 Patients

Hemin Khalid Saber — 2025-05-30

Background and Objectives: SARS-CoV-2 emerged, leading to a global pandemic with significant morbidity and mortality. Lung injury is prevalent, raising concerns about long-term complications. Current data indicate persistent pulmonary function issues, particularly diffusion capacity, in survivors. Critical care needs and risk factors for poor outcomes are identified, but the full impact of post-COVID syndromes remains inadequately defined. Further research is essential to understand the long-term consequences of COVID-19. This study aims to evaluate pulmonary function tests in post-COVID-19 patients.

Methods: A quantitative study was conducted on 74 post-COVID-19 patients in Erbil, Iraq, evaluating demographic and clinical characteristics. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS, ensuring participant confidentiality and voluntary participation throughout the research process.

Results: The study analyzed 74 post-COVID-19 patients, revealing demographics such as 55.4% aged 54-69 and a male predominance (63.5%). Common symptoms included cough (66.2%) and shortness of breath (73%). Half had high systolic blood pressure, and significant associations were found between severity and factors like age, SPO2, and pulmonary function tests.

Conclusion: Spirometry patterns significantly correlate with the severity of post-COVID-19 symptoms, suggesting their value as prognostic markers. However, the study found no significant link between spirometry patterns and comorbidities, indicating a need for further research to explore these relationships and their implications for patient management.

Patient’s Satisfaction with Coronary Artery Disease Concerning Medical Care Services at Teaching Hospitals in Erbil City

Srusht Dhahier ismael — 2025-05-30

Background and Objectives: Coronary artery disease is now broadly recognized as a major global health issue. Patient’s satisfaction with medical care services is an important health outcome. The study was to assess the satisfaction level of patients with coronary artery disease concerning medical care services and to find out the difference between patients’ satisfaction and the socio-demographic characteristics of the patients.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted from February 2022 to May 2022. To find out the satisfaction level of patients with coronary artery disease concerning medical care services. Researchers used a non-probability purposive sampling technique among 205 patients diagnosed with coronary artery disease. Data were analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version 25.

Results: The result shows that half of the sample (50.7%) was among the age group 61 years and older. More than half of them (51.2%) were females. About (58%) of the participants were illiterate. The majority (79%) of the samples were married. However, (46.8%) of the study samples were housewives and living in an urban area (47.8%). The highest percentage of the samples (64.9%) had satisfied with medical care. There was a significant difference among patients’ medical care satisfaction: age, gender, marital status, and occupational status.

Conclusion: A substantial proportion of patients were satisfied with medical care, and there was a significant difference between patients' medical care satisfaction and age, gender, marital status, and occupational status.